CONTROLS AND INSTRUMENTS

The principal controls and instruments are illustrated on the opposite page, where it will be seen that the layout is very similar to that on a normal car, with the addition of gearbox transfer lever and four wheel drive control (front wheel drive lock control on 1948 to mid-1951 models).
Except for the positions of the steering column, foot-pedals and handbrake lever, the layout is the same for both left-hand and right-hand drive vehicles.

FOOT PEDALS.
The three foot-pedals are normal in position and operation, i.e., the left-hand pedal controls the clutch, the centre pedal the foot brake and the right-hand pedal the accelerator.

HAND-BRAKE.
The hand-brake lever protrudes through the front of the seat-box, to the driver's left hand on a R.H.D. vehicle, and to his right hand on a L.H.D. vehicle. In the "off" position it is parallel with the floor; to apply the brake pull the lever upwards; to release, pull up slightly, depress the small knob in the end of the lever and push downwards as far as possible.

STEERING COLUMN.
This is positioned either to the right or left-hand side; in both cases, the horn push-button is fitted in the centre of the steering wheel, with the headlamp dipper switch on the wheel boss.
Operation of this switch replaces the primary filaments in both lamps by secondary "out-of-focus" filaments.

NOTE.-On Home models only, the right-hand headlamp is extinguished completely when the lamps are dipped.

MIXTURE CONTROL.
The mixture control is situated on the dash to the fight, below the instrument panel. It is marked "COLD START" and its operation and also the action of the mixture control warning light are fully described on Page 15. This light is amber in colour and is located in the centre of the instrument panel at the top.

IGNITION SWITCH.
This takes the form of a barrel lock controlled by a small yale-type key, situated in the centre of the main lamp switch on the instrument panel. When the ignition is switched off, the key can be withdrawn.

STARTER SWITCH.
The switch operating the starter motor is located on the dash to the left below the instrument panel. To operate, press the knob and release as soon as the engine fires.

SLOW-RUNNING CONTROL.
Situated to the right of the starter switch is a slow-running control; by pulling out this control, the engine idling speed may be increased when desired for stationary work. Prior to road usage, the idling speed should always be returned to normal to facilitate gear changing.

LAMP SWITCH.
A rotary type lamp switch is located on the instrument panel; turn the handle
until the pointer registers with the required position -"OFF," "5', (side, tail and rear number plate lamps) or "H" (side, tail and headlamps).
Note.-On North American vehicles only, the side lamps are extinguished when the switch is moved to "'H" and vice versa.

HEADLAMP WARNING LIGHT (North American vehicles only).
A warning light on the instrument panel glows when the headlamps are on main filaments.

INSTRUMENT PANEL LIGHT SWITCH.
The "push-pull" switch controlling the panel lights is situated at the top left-hand corner of the instrument panel. It is only operative when the ignition is "ON"

LEAD LAMP SOCKET.
Below the panel light switch are a pair of sockets which can be used either for a lead lamp or a trickle battery charger. being of the "positive earth" variety, the electrical system red socket is earthed.

CHARGING WARNING LIGHT.
The red warning light at the bottom centre of the instrument panel glows when the dynamo fails to charge, or when the charging rate is lower than the voltage of the battery; in the latter case it will go out when the engine speed is increased above normal idling.

AMMETER.
The ammeter is located to the right of the charging warning light.

OIL PRESSURE WARNING LIGHT.
The oil pressure warning light to the right of the ammeter glows when, for any reason, the engine oil pressure falls below a safe figure. Should this light appear during normal operation, stop the vehicle at once and ascertain the cause- usually low oil level in the sump. Never operate the vehicle with low oil pressure as serious damage to the engine will result.

PETROL LEVEL GAUGE.
The petrol level gauge will always show ZERO when the ignition is switched off. It must be stressed that, while the gauge will always give a reliable indication of the petrol level, it is not a precision instrument and therefore cannot be employed to derive accurate petrol consumption figures. Such tests should always be made with an auxiliary tank of known size.

PETROL FILLER.
The petrol filler cap is located beneath the locker lid on the right-hand side of the seat-box when the cap is removed, a telescopic tube may be drawn out of the tank neck to facilitate filling. The tank capacity is 10 Imperial gallons (45 litres).

WINDSCREEN WIPER.
A windscreen wiper is fitted on the driver's side only. To set the wiper in operation, pull out the horizontal lever a short way and turn it to clear the vertical lever; turn the latter to the right. To park the blade, reverse the operations.

MAIN GEARBOX CONTROL.
The main gear-change lever is situated in the centre of the gearbox cover; it has five positions: four forward speeds and reverse. For gear-changing instructions see Pages 16-19.

TRANSFER BOX CONTROL.
The transfer box which gives two ratios in the output from the main gearbox (i.e., making eight forward and two reverse speeds in all) is controlled by the lever to the right of the gearbox cover. Push the lever right forward for high ratio and pull right back for low ratio. The lever should be left in the neutral (central) position when using the power take-off pulley for stationary work. On no account must low ratio be selected unless the vehicle is stationary with the clutch depressed. Full instructions for the use of the transfer box arc given on Pages 18-19.

FOUR-WHEEL DRIVE CONTROL
Four-wheel drive is fitted as standard on the Land-Rover, the drive to the front (mid-1951 models wheels being through a dog-clutch in the onwards). transfer box, operated by means of the knob on the gearbox cover.

When operating the vehicle in HIGH transfer ratio, the drive is normally to the rear wheels only; should conditions call for drive on all four wheels, i.e., when traversing soft country or descending a steep, muddy gradient, the front wheel drive should be engaged by pressing down the knob on the gearbox cover. In order to regain two-wheel drive, on resuming hard surface travelling, stop the vehicle, engage LOW transfer ratio and, return to HIGH transfer ratio, when the dog-clutch is automatically disengaged and the control knob returns to the " up position.
When operating the vehicle in LOW transfer ratio, four-wheel drive is automatically engaged when LOW ratio is selected; the front wheel drive is disengaged on regaining HIGH transfer ratio.

FRONT WHEEL DRIVE LOCK. (1948 to mid-1951 models only).
Four-wheel drive is fitted as standard on the Land-Rover. The drive to the front wheels incorporates an over-run free-wheel unit which eliminates any undue tyre wear on the front wheels or excessive strain on the transmission when travelling on hard surfaces.

The inclusion of this freewheel means that all four wheels are driving only when the engine is pulling and the vehicle is travelling in a forward direction. When reversing or the engine is coasting with the vehicle travelling forward, the drive is to the rear wheels only. There may be occasions when four-wheel traction is necessary in reverse while operating on soft surfaces or in a forward gear when descending a steep, muddy gradient and provision has therefore been made to "lock" the freewheel unit and so obtain four-wheel drive under such conditions.

The control for this operation (known as the "FRONT WHEEL DRIVE LOCK") takes the form of a knob on the gearbox cover. It is so arranged that the freewheel can only be locked by pressing this knob downwards, when the transfer lever is in LOW ratio; the unit is automatically returned to its normal free condition when the transfer lever is returned to the HIGH position on resuming hard surface travelling.

The control must only be operated when the vehicle is stationary.

NOTE.-On approximately the first 14,000 vehicles, the control takes the form of a key ring in the right-hand floor board, instead of the knob. Its operation is identical with the later version, except that the ring must be pulled upward about 0.25in. (7 mm.) to lock the freewheel unit.